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Colias crocea
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| [Note Guidelines] Photographer's Note |
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass:Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder:Endopterygota
Order: Lepidoptera
Rhopalocera
Superfamily:Papilionoidea
Family: Pieridae
Subfamily:Coliadinae
Tribe: Coliadini
Genus: Colias
Species:C. croceus
Colias croceus is a small butterfly of the Pieridae family, that is, the Yellows and Whites. In India and nearby regions it is known as the Dark Clouded Yellow or Common Clouded Yellow to distinguish it from the other species of clouded yellows occurring there; elsewhere it is often simply known as "the clouded yellow". The upperside is golden to orange yellow with a broad black margin on all four wings and a black spot near the center forewing. The underside lacks the black borders and is lighter, with a more greenish tint, particularly on the forewings. In the forewing underside is the same dark spot as on the upperside, but often with a light center; the hindwing underside has a white center spot, often with a smaller white or dark dot immediately above it. Sometimes, a row of black dots occurs on the underwings' outer margins, corresponding to where the black border ends on the upperside. Females differ from the males in having yellow spots along the black borders on the upperside. In a small proportion of females the golden upperside colouration is replaced by a pale cream colour. These have been distinguished as form helice, but do not seem to be that distinct as intermediates exist and the variation is to some extent related to humidity during development, with dryer conditions producing paler coloration. In flight, it is easily identifiable by the intense yellow colouring, much brighter than that of the lemon-yellow male Common Brimstone which also lacks black color. Like all Colias species they never open their wings at rest. Pale females can be confused with the rarer Pale Clouded Yellow (C. hyale) and Berger's Clouded Yellow (C. sareptensis). Even the palest C. croceus tends to have more black on the upperside however, in particular on the hindwings. The upperside is golden to orange yellow with a broad black margin on all four wings and a black spot near the center forewing. The underside lacks the black borders and is lighter, with a more greenish tint, particularly on the forewings. In the forewing underside is the same dark spot as on the upperside, but often with a light center; the hindwing underside has a white center spot, often with a smaller white or dark dot immediately above it. Sometimes, a row of black dots occurs on the underwings' outer margins, corresponding to where the black border ends on the upperside,Females differ from the males in having yellow spots along the black borders on the upperside. In a small proportion of females the golden upperside colouration is replaced by a pale cream colour. These have been distinguished as form helice, but do not seem to be that distinct as intermediates exist and the variation is to some extent related to humidity during development, with dryer conditions producing paler coloration. In flight, it is easily identifiable by the intense yellow colouring, much brighter than that of the lemon-yellow male Common Brimstone which also lacks black color. Like all Colias species they never open their wings at rest. Pale females can be confused with the rarer Pale Clouded Yellow (C. hyale) and Berger's Clouded Yellow (C. sareptensis). Even the palest C. croceus tends to have more black on the upperside however, in particular on the hindwings. The Common Clouded Yellow's breeding range is North Africa and southern Europe and eastwards through Turkey into the Middle East but it occurs throughout much of Europe as a summer migrant, in good years individuals reaching Scandinavia. In Asia, its range extends into central Siberia in the north and barely into India in the south; it is not found in Central Asia. In the UK they can be seen on the south coast almost every year in varying numbers, and regularly breed there. Occurrence in the rest of the UK varies considerably from year to year, but they are increasingly observed as far north as Dumfries and Galloway.A truly migratory European butterfly, this species is famous for occasional mass migrations and subsequent breeding, which are often referred to in the United Kingdom as "clouded yellow years". Notable clouded yellow years include 1877, 1947, 1983, 1992, 1994, 1996 and 2000. In southern Europe and North Africa they breed continuously throughout the year. Eggs are laid singly on foodplant leaves. The caterpillars grow fast in warm weather, sometimes pupating within a month. Pupation lasts for two or three weeks and in good years there can be as many as three generations per year, with adults still on the wing at the beginning of November. Common Clouded Yellows feed on a variety of leguminous plants, namely Faboideae. In the UK wild and cultivated clovers (Trifolium) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) are favourites; less frequently, Common Bird's-foot Trefoil Lotus corniculatus is eaten.
Lunghezza ala anteriore: 20 -30 mm
Distribuzione in Italia: Tutta Italia isole comprese.
Habitat: specie euricora e migratrice, si rinviene in ambienti aperti dal piano basale e montano e cacuminale sino a oltre 2000 metri s.l.m.
Generazioni annuali: tre, con sfarfallamento in aprile-maggio, giugno-luglio e agosto - settembre.
Medicago sativa - Trifolium pratense - Coronilla varia. |
Hotelcalifornia, Hussain58, NikosR, anel has marked this note useful
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Hello Roberto - Excellent details and focus on this beautiful Common Clouded Yellow Butterfly. Against such blue sky, yellow looks splendid. So credit goes to make such beautiful angle. I like its composition, as well as splendid sharpness. Useful NOTE as usual...Thanks for sharing. Regards - Srikumar
Ciao Roberto, una delizia, giallo capolavoro, dettagli stratosferici e magnifica nitidezza, bravissimo, ciao Silvio
PS stamattina di bruchi della Charaxe jasus ne ho fotografati tre, quello che ho pubblicato era enorme, ci potevi fare un panino, č pieno di corbezzoli, ma sono alti e non č facile trovarli, che si mimetizzano, a primavera sarŕ un bello spettacolo
hallo Roberto
super good picture with beautiful colours and good light
thanks gr lou
- lousat
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Star Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 6595 W: 89 N: 15659]](https://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-g-g.gif)
(65489) - [2014-11-02 11:35]
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Ciao Roby,i colori dello sfondo e del fiore del trifoglio si abbinano alla perfezione alla giallo della colias,composizione eccellente e la solita qualita' strabiliante.Buona serata,Luciano
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- PeterZ
(49139)
- [2014-11-02 11:52]
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Hello Roberto,
Fascinating macro of this butterfly in splendid colours and excellent sharp details. Taken from a perfect POV in a great composition. very beautiful background.
Regards,
Peter
Hello Roberto,
Hope you are well. This is an excellent shot of this Dar Clouded Yellow on a red clover flower.The focus and sharpness are both praiseworthy dear. The angle is perfect for a this super shot. Thanks a lot for sharing, take care,
warm regards/Abid
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- NikosR
![Gold Star Critiquer/Gold Note Writer [C: 76 W: 3 N: 447]](https://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-n-g.gif)
(3436) - [2014-11-03 10:20]
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Ciao Roberto
It is a painting, fantastic composition, excellent sharpness and details, very beautiful colors, very nice POV and a fantastic BG.
Thanks for sharing.
Rgds
Nikos
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- anel
(40574)
- [2014-11-04 0:43]
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Bonjour Roberto,
Tu ne publies plus trčs souvent des photos, comme moi. C'est pourquoi je ne les vois pas toujours. Image trčs "robertienne" avec parfaites netteté et présentation.
Bravo encore et toujours.
Anne
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- periko
(1487)
- [2014-11-04 13:05]
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Hi Roberto
Great composition with pleasant mixture of colors and the perfectly focused butterfly. I like the soft tri-color background as well.
TFS
Fabulous!But not much commentz!!!!!!!
Pity dt here not much open hearted member who will appriciate your work,
Rgds
Harris
Ciao Roby,
A pity you disappeared from the site, and we don't get new photos from you. However, your gallery's full of treasures like this, fabulous exposure, spectacular composition, excellent depth and magic colors. Superb shot, bravo!
Have a nice festive season, kind regards from Ireland, László
![Gold Star Critiquer/Silver Workshop Editor/Gold Note Writer [C: 1519 W: 24 N: 2225]](https://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-s-g.gif)
(14408)![Gold Star Critiquer [C: 60 W: 0 N: 0]](https://i1.treknature.com/misc/g-n-n.gif)
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